Theories of Crime

Describe how you think Intelligence-Led Policing in the United States should be conducted. Intelligence-led policing is the latest means by which police authorities solve crimes instead of acting only after a crime has been consummated (â€Å"Intelligence-Led Policing in the United States†). This shift from the old practice needs more development in order to cope up with the changing technological advancement around the world. Besides, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, made this revolution essential.I know that such huge attack in the United States became successful because of negligence and underestimating the capabilities of criminals in using technology to evade the law. For me, there are three ways wherein intelligence-led policing should be conducted in the United States. First, there should be constant look-out of people coming in the country and going out of the same. The possibility of criminals coming in the country not detected by the police is high due to their networks and resources.Second, there should be a more effective system wherein all intelligence units across the country could interact directly through the development of technology to that effect. And third, all suspicious and non-suspicious but possible perpetrators must be constantly monitored for possible crime or terrorism activities, and such action must be done in accordance with law. Specifically, how would you recommend setting up the intelligence community in the United States?Globalization, fast-tracked by development in technology and transportation, has transformed the world smaller for criminals and bigger for state and local law enforcement (â€Å"Intelligence-Led Policing)†. In that sense, setting up the domestic intelligence or the FBI must be magnified to the effect that it is no longer limited to domestic perpetrators but to all their possible accomplices and accessories within the country.The CIA, which is the foreign intelligence must focus on sma ll groups of individual who are capable of consummating criminal acts and study their possible allies and supporters. The role of the militaries is vital in having access to these groups of criminals as they are capable to use bigger force to solve crimes. It would be better if a unified action be made in every intelligence reports received by all authorities in order to prevent commission of crimes against national security and individual well-being.References Suburban Emergency Management Project. 2007. Intelligence-Led Policing in the United States. Retrieved July 22, 2009, from http://www. semp. us/publications/biot_ reader. php? BiotID=474. Bureau of Justice Assistance. 2009. Intelligence-Led Policing. Retrieved July 22, 2009, http://www. ojp. usdoj. gov/BJA/topics/ilp. html.

On Gentrification in Los Angeles

The poor condition and high crime rate have caused nearly unanimous support from the residents for some form of government intervention in the area, Hough the extremity of the proposed redevelopment has community members uneasy about their future. In an article titled America's Worst Housing Project is Being Gentrified by Mike Pearl via internet-based fringe media outlet Vice the author argues that gentrification's benefits Only extend to those who can afford the rent hikes that inevitably accompany redevelopment.As Pearl sees it, â€Å"history teaches us that when your dilapidated housing project gets revalidated, you do not get to stay unless you stop being very poor†. The City of Los Angels currently maintains a required ratio of one subsidized housing unit for each that is rented at market value, however the prominent real estate blob Curbed LA questions this statement, asserting that â€Å"This isn't the first effort to tear down and fancily a crumbling housing project, but it is the first time such a large project has been undertaken without kicking all of the current residents out first†.With understandable skepticism many residents of Jordan Downs believe that the gentrification may drive the low income inhabitants out of the area with no alternative options for housing. This was the case in Chicago Cabin Green district, in which 80% of low income residents were driven out by more affluent residents willing to pay high prices for the land. Jordan Downs native Juanita Sims, a four decade long resident of the projects, commented â€Å"I'm not afraid to move, but what my fear really is is: Where†?The Housing Authority for the City of Los Angels (HACK) attempted to qualm the fears of Jordan Downs occupants by stating that all residents â€Å"in good standing' would be allowed to remain in their units until the day that hey were relocated to an apartment in the new buildings. The extremely vague wording of this decree did little to plac ate the uneasy residents, as the term â€Å"in good standing† places a huge amount of discretion in the hands of the housing authority.Community outreach group SHIELDS for Families has been on site in Jordan Downs recently to prevent abusive renting policies. In their words, the city has begun â€Å"a new enforcement of old rules†, recently evicting several people for violations that they had been committing for the entire span of their occupancy at the complex. Things that previously had gone unnoticed such as bad housekeeping, or violations of the no pet policy have recently landed several people with evictions.LA Times author Jessica Garrison commented in her article Bumptious Makeover Planned for Old Housing Project â€Å"It will be an enormous challenge, with success likely to be measured in tiny increments,† further noting that â€Å"only 47% of adults at Jordan reported any wages to the housing authority last year†. Though the challenges of this pr oject are numerous, however the benefits to the community may be equally great in magnitude, provided that students are given fair opportunities to remain in the area at affordable prices.Between the initial stages of planning the project Jordan Downs has seen a 53% drop in violent crime and zero homicides in the past 18 months. To further assist in transitioning from dilapidated urban decay to the â€Å"Vibrant Urban Village† that the redevelopment's Faceable page promotes, the LA Housing Authority has begun funding community growth by hosting classes at the Jordan Downs Community Center.These courses include computer skills, financing parenting and even high school equivalency adult education. Career counseling has also been available to residents like Cynthia Gill who told Nap's All Things Considered that [after receiving career counseling] â€Å"When go to an interview, know how to present myself, how – what to say, what questions to ask and to know to ask questio ns and how to dress and how to carry you resell†.The Los Angels Housing Authority bolstering of community development funds in recent months has assisted the redevelopments goal to gain favor from the residents, however many outside parties remain staunchly opposed to the gentrification. The comment section on Vice's article generated an outcry of opposition to the redevelopment. One commenter named James Knowles asserted that â€Å"LA. is going to lie to the residents of Jordan Downs just like every other city lied to its residents with promises of a better life.More or less it will go like this†¦ ‘Here is a section 8 voucher now, go find somewhere to live'†. Knowles has good reasons to suspect that this outcome is a possibility. Atlanta has had many similar problems with gentrification in recent years. In a publication by notable sociology professors Leslie Williams Reid and Robert M. Dolman, the authors observe that â€Å"Without question, rising property values have displaced older, long-term black residents as middle- and upper-income whites bid up property values [in Atlanta)†.The professors then refer to the Atlanta neighborhoods Kirkwood, East Lake and East Atlanta which are widely considered one of the clearest examples of gentrification in American history. The change in property value and economic status of the people these neighborhoods is believed to be caused in part by the aging local population (allowing for an abundance of vacancies), lose proximity to downtown, opening opportunities for new development and the desirability of the surrounding metropolitan area. Jordan Downs has each of these factors in common with Atlanta.At this point it is too late for the residents of the Jordan Downs Housing projects to Stop the redevelopment from happening the developer has applied to the federal government for a $30 Million loan for seed money to fund the project, and the HACK has approved the plans to begin construction. D espite the best efforts of people on all sides of the issue to reverent massive gentrification from consuming the area, it is impossible to ignore the tell tale signs that the poor residents will be shunned and driven out as the desire for economic growth continues.

Introduction of Company

Introduction of Company De Famous Trading Company is a new establishment and located in Klang, Selangor. Our company was founded in July 2011 and established with a fully computerized inventory system to provide more efficient services to all the valued customers. Strict operation process, careful inspection and high quality service with competitive prices enable us to win the long term business relationships from all customers. Our aim is to become a leading supplier of stationery in the international market.We are also working to provide services to companies and be the supplying man power to many renowed universities in Selangor area. We are striving to provide better price and better service to our customers. In terms of nature business, De Famous Trading Company is always stick to the quotes on ‘Going green’ for inspiration and motivation to change. We are one of the companies who supply green stationery and office products. We select products that are environmental ly benign or have environmental advantages over the standard stationery equivalents.We have a unique range of products. Many new Green products are showcased by manufacturers in our Green catalogue before they become available to the normal office supply companies. Our company owners have gained experience in both areas before venturing into the business, including relevant areas such as managing and accounting. Our staff are knowledgeable and willing to give you advice on individual products and their wider impacts.There are five of us in the office, and the hours are flexible, so that staff can lead full lives as artists, campaigners, and occasionally normal people. We all get a say in how the company runs, and working life is generally relaxed, and has the tendency to meander into rambling discussions about deep ecology and the meaning of life. All our customers give positive feedback with our goods and serives since our establisment. We offer the best prices and discounts on eco -friendly stationery and do not charge a premium for green items.We are also a mine of information on the green office and we can untangle most of the competing environmental claims made by manufacturers. Green purchasing is an essential element in reducing the huge amount of waste generated by our disposable consumer culture, endemic in most standard offices. We aim to maintain business practices consistent with the goals of sustaining our fragile environment for future generations, within a culture that respects life and honours its interdependence. Introduction of Company Introduction of Company De Famous Trading Company is a new establishment and located in Klang, Selangor. Our company was founded in July 2011 and established with a fully computerized inventory system to provide more efficient services to all the valued customers. Strict operation process, careful inspection and high quality service with competitive prices enable us to win the long term business relationships from all customers. Our aim is to become a leading supplier of stationery in the international market.We are also working to provide services to companies and be the supplying man power to many renowed universities in Selangor area. We are striving to provide better price and better service to our customers. In terms of nature business, De Famous Trading Company is always stick to the quotes on ‘Going green’ for inspiration and motivation to change. We are one of the companies who supply green stationery and office products. We select products that are environmental ly benign or have environmental advantages over the standard stationery equivalents.We have a unique range of products. Many new Green products are showcased by manufacturers in our Green catalogue before they become available to the normal office supply companies. Our company owners have gained experience in both areas before venturing into the business, including relevant areas such as managing and accounting. Our staff are knowledgeable and willing to give you advice on individual products and their wider impacts.There are five of us in the office, and the hours are flexible, so that staff can lead full lives as artists, campaigners, and occasionally normal people. We all get a say in how the company runs, and working life is generally relaxed, and has the tendency to meander into rambling discussions about deep ecology and the meaning of life. All our customers give positive feedback with our goods and serives since our establisment. We offer the best prices and discounts on eco -friendly stationery and do not charge a premium for green items.We are also a mine of information on the green office and we can untangle most of the competing environmental claims made by manufacturers. Green purchasing is an essential element in reducing the huge amount of waste generated by our disposable consumer culture, endemic in most standard offices. We aim to maintain business practices consistent with the goals of sustaining our fragile environment for future generations, within a culture that respects life and honours its interdependence.

Understanding Financial Reporting

Financial reports allow the organization to communicate information about their performance to the â€Å"outside world†. So, financial reports provide summarized information about an organization†s transactions for external decision makers. (e. g. Investors). Financial reports can be used by employees and trade unions, government, creditors and lenders, customers, shareholders and investment analysts. All these users may need different statements of financial accounts but the most important statements which they need is the balance sheet, profit and loss account, cash flow account and the income statement. The two main regulatory bodies of financial reporting are the â€Å"Law† and the â€Å"Accounting Profession† with the Accounting Standards Board usually known as ASB. In UK, most of the legislation related to the publishing of accounts is embodied in the Companies Act 1985 and 1989 which are concerned with the accounts of the limited liability companies only. The Companies Act 1989 is the main frame which the companies and accountants have to follow. All the financial statement drawn up under the act 1989 must present a true and fair view and its function is to protect all the users of the financial reports and statements. The second and the most important regulatory body is the accounting profession. The standard setters should be aware of the information needed by all users of financial reports and should know the impact and the outcome of a different accounting method on the needs of those users. The standard setters should also be able to resolve the conflicts which exist between the needs of different users. So, they have to find an alternative way which best satisfy user needs and this could be achieved by choosing the improvement of the â€Å"social welfare† instead of welfare of individuals. We know that Accounting Standards Board is the main accounting standard setter. Because the ASB is composed of professional accountants, they may be unfamiliar with the user needs. So , when there is a need for a change in accounting standard the ASB prepare and publish a draft standard called the FRED (Financial Reporting Exposure Draft). After the publishing of these drafts the comments from the public is invited and in the light of these comments the FRED is changed (or unchanged). Now the FREDs are issued as FRS (Financial Reporting Standard). The main disadvantage of this system is the ASB members are unfamiliar with the different user needs and the comments from the general public may not be equally represented. There are four things that standards in financial reporting supply people using it. The first one is â€Å"Comparability†; financial statements must allow people to compare one company with another one and evaluate the management†s performance without spending time and money adjusting them to a common format and common accounting treatments. It is essential that users of financial reports or investment decision makers be supplied with relevant and standard financial reports which have been regulated and hence standardized. The second thing that standards and regulations supply is called â€Å"Credibility†. Because all this standards and regulations exist accountants have to treat every company in the same way. If the accountancy profession permitted companies experiencing similar events to produce financial reports that disclosed markedly different results simply because of a freedom to select different accounting policies they would lose all of their credibility. So, the standards should be composed of rigid rules and should not be broken. The third thing is â€Å"Influence† that means, setting up the standards has encouraged a constructive appraisal of the policies being proposed for individual reporting problems and has been a stimulus for the development of a conceptual framework. The last thing that the standards have to supply is â€Å"discipline†. Companies left to their own devises without the need to obey standards will eventually be disciplined by the financial markets. But in the short run investors in such companies may suffer loss. The Financial Reporting Council is aware of the need to impose discipline because most of the company failures in recent years are because of obscure financial reporting. Why should the Accounting Standards set? As we argued before, an important role of the regulations is to increase the comparability of accounts by limiting the choice of alternative accounting methods and to supply standardized accounts. This standardization can be achieved only by uniform accounting practice. If all accounting methods were standardized, two organizations which began the year with same balance sheets and which made the same transactions during the year, they would report the same balance sheets and the same profit and loss account at the end of the year. In addition to these advantages of regulations in financial reporting, there are also some more useful functions. Regulations can help to reduce the influence of personal biases and political pressures on accounting judgments. They can increase the level of user confidence in, and understanding of, financial reporting by clarifying the basis on which all accounts are prepared and presented. Finally, they can provide a frame of reference for resolving accounting problems which are not mentioned in legislation or accounting standards. As we argued earlier although the regulations in financial reports have very advantages it has many disadvantages too: One if these disadvantages is the â€Å"Adverse Allocative Effects†, this could occur if the ASB did not take into account of the economic consequences of the new standard or regulation they have issued. For example, additional costs could be imposed on preparers of accounts and suboptimal managerial decisions might be taken to avoid any reduction in earning or net assets. â€Å"Consensus-seeking† can be another disadvantage and this means the issuing of standards that are over-influenced by those with easiest access to the standard-setters. Most of the time this could happen with complex subjects.

Managing people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Managing people - Essay Example The most recent legislation that the country passed is the Anti-discrimination legislation that seeks to enhance equality at the work place (WOODHAMS & LUPTON 2006). For many years women have been subjected to any forms of discrimination and gender discrimination is just one of the many things that women have been discriminated against. The most prominent discrimination that ladies are subjected to include: low pay, dismissal because they are pregnant, maternity leave and related issues. Women are also more susceptible to sexual harassment at the place of work. Despite the legislations that have been passed in the country, many more women face discrimination. For example, it is estimated that 30, 000 women are discriminated against and consequently lose their jobs because of pregnancy (DURBIN & FLEETWOOD 2010). Despite all the laws and initiatives put by stakeholders to break discrimination on basis of gender, social and cultural barriers the strides are yet to achieve maximum effort. Similarly, the society is yet to break from the negative perception that women are subjected to. From the persistent discrimination directed to women it is clear that the country, like any other country that discriminated against women, cannot grow and develop to meet 100% potential since almost 50% of the population is discriminated against. However, the society through different groups such as trade unions continues to advocate for more change (SARGEANT 2009). The country has made great strides by introducing different types of laws that seek to deal with different kinds of discrimination including work related discrimination. In 1975, the country introduced Sex discrimination Act. This legislation sought to ban all kinds of discrimination on the basis of sex. Several years later the country introduced the Equalities Act of 2010. This act consolidated many laws together and in particular

Education to Children of Illegal Immigrants Essay

Education to Children of Illegal Immigrants - Essay Example At the height of immigration to North America, the country coined the title â€Å"land of opportunity.† Denying free education to children of illegal immigrants defies the American dream and the hopes that people had for the new country (Schrag, 2010). Free education for all was the main factor that differentiated America from other European nations. American progress and development was based on the government’s ability to create uniformity among its citizens through free education for all. The American legal system recognizes a child as a person who is below the age of 18 years. Such individuals are not entitled to voting or making major decisions concerning their life. In addition, the US is a leading nation in terms of respect for human rights. It is evident that most children are illegal immigrants out of their own choice. Most of the children were born when their parents had already immigrated to the country. Thus, these children cannot be identified as illegal im migrants since they did not make a choice to be in the country. The government should respect their rights to free education until they are old enough to make concrete decisions about their citizenship. The American government should consider the long-term impacts of denying free education to the immigrants. Obviously, most immigrants have hopes of becoming legal citizens of the United States. If the government continuously denies education to its citizens based on their migration status, the country will experience an education gap (Hing, 2004). Education is a major factor in the country’s development, and hence the country should not tolerate illiteracy. Denying education to such children will create long-term economic hardships for the country. Educating children prevents them from... The American government should consider the long-term impacts of denying free education to the immigrants. Obviously, most immigrants have hopes of becoming legal citizens of the United States. If the government continuously denies education to its citizens based on their migration status, the country will experience an education gap (Hing, 2004). Education is a major factor in the country’s development, and hence the country should not tolerate illiteracy. Denying education to such children will create long-term economic hardships for the country. Educating children prevents them from engaging in other social evils such as crime, drug abuse, and terrorism. Therefore, the government should provide free education to the children of illegal immigrants to promote their integration into the American society.America has a global obligation that goes beyond its domestic affairs. However, due to economic constraints, America often overlooks its global obligations. America’s in volvement in global politics and economics has made the country a key factor in promoting stability and development. Since the end of World War II, the United States has been involved in all conflicts around the world. Most of these conflicts create immigrants, most of whom end up in America. For instance, the Cold War forced many people from former Soviet states to immigrate to America for fear of persecution. Lack of proper immigration policies made most of the immigrants end up in America as illegal immigrants.

Election of 1860 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Election of 1860 - Essay Example A year after John Bolt had attempted a slave revolt in Virginia, the national debate over slavery reached boiling point and a number of Southern states threatened to secede from the Republican Party, which triggered the start of the civil war, just after the outcome of the elections. The Republican Party was advocating for the expansion of the slavery into the western nation. The two opposing sides locked heads up to and after the presidential election. The choice for leadership was not easy either. Some people thought Stephen Douglas was the best candidate. Others thought that John Breckenridge or John Bell was the most suitable candidate for America at that time. However, the presidential elections outcome proved that Lincoln was the most preferred candidate to the electorate despite the fact that only 40% of the votes cast went to him, with 2000 fewer votes going to him. The divide between the North and the South saw Lincoln gunner most of his votes in the North and clinching the leadership without support from the South. It was however Lincoln’s victory that provoked the session crisis that later sparked the war that